Making an Effort to Remember
1.Interest In order to remember something thoroughly, you must be interested in it. You must have a reason to learn it.
2.Intent to remember
A key factor to remembering is having a positive attitude that you will remember.You should have the attitude that you will learn this now,not wait until later.
3.Basic Background
Your understanding of new materials depends to a great degree on how much you already know about the subject. The more you increase your basic knowledge, the easier it is to build new knowledge on this background.
Controlling the Amount and Form
1.Selectivity
You must determine what is most important and select those parts to study and learn.
Here are some tips in choosing what’s important.
a.Look for clues when reading a textbook assignment.Study the summary and review questions before and after you read.
b.During a lecture, listen for verbal clues such as emphasis and repetition. Pay attention to non-verbal clues such as the lecturer’s body language
c.Constantly ask yourself,”If I were giving a test on this material, what would I ask?”
2.Meaningful Organization
You can learn and remember better if you can group ideas into some sort of meaningful categories or groups.
We usually remember only five to seven items as a time.If you can organize 25 items into five groups of five you will find it much easier to manage.
Here are some tips when the categories are not obvious.
a.Search the information for something that is personally meaningful to you.
b.Alphabetize the list.
c.Use a mnemonic device. Take the first letter of each item and spell a word or make a sentence. For example to remember the 7 colors of rainbow,use VIBGYOR.
d.If at all possible, do not have more than seven items in any one category.
Strengthening Neural Connections
1.Recitation Saying ideas aloud in your own words is probably the most powerful tool you have to transfer information from short-term to long-term memory.
Recitation works for several reasons:
First, when you know you are going to recite something in your own words, you pay more attention. It forces you to employ the principle of intent to remember.
Second, you get immediate feedback. You know if you are able to explain something in your own words out loud. You understand it.
Third, when you hear something, you have used an entirely different part of the brain.
2.Mental Visualization
Another powerful memory principle is making a mental picture of what needs to be remembered. By visualizing, you use an entirely different part of the brain than you did by reading or listening.
3.Association
Memory is increased when facts to be learned are associated with something familiar to you.
By recalling something you already know and making a link to the “brain file” that contains that information, you should be able to remember new information more efficiently.
Giving Time For Connections to Set
1.Consolidation Your brain must have time for new information to soak in. When you make a list or review your notes right after class, you are using the principle of consolidation.
a.Taking notes in class
b.Asking questions in class
c.Reviewing Notes
d.Stopping after each paragraph you read and writing a question in the margin which identifies what the paragraph is about
e.Visualizing
f.Reciting
g.Designing practice tests
2.Distributed Practice
A series of shorter study sessions distributed over several days is preferable to fewer but longer study sessions.
a.Take 10 minute breaks after each hour of study and review what you just learned before you begin again
b.Have a scheduled time to study each subject.
c.Make use of daylight hours and time that you normally waste.
d.Mark each paragraph of your text book with a question or label.(This way you can read bits and pieces and put them together when you’ve finished.)
e.Study immediately before and after classes .
Next article on types of memory and how they work